The nature of emotion: fundamental questions

Introduction / Alexander J. Shackman, Andrew S. Fox, Regina C. Lapate, and Richard J. Davidson

Preface to Paul Ekman's essay / Richard J. Davidson

How emotions might work / Paul Ekman

Emotions and feelings: William James then and now / Antonio Damasio and Hanna Damasio

Emotions are functional states that cause feeligns and behavior / Ralph Adolphs

What is emotion?: a natural science perspective / Peter J. Lang and Margaret M. Bradley

Affect is essential to emotion / Kent C. Berridge

Emotions: causes and consequences / Gerald L. Clore

What are emotional states, and what are their functions / Edmund T. Rolls

Active inference and emotion / Karl J. Friston, Mateus Joffily, Lisa Feldman Barrett, and Anil K. Seth

Emotions are constructed with interoception and concepts within a predicting brain / Lisa Feldman Barrett

Afterword / Regina C. Lapate and Alexander J. Shackman

Distinguishing affective constructs: structure, trait- vs. state-ness, and responses to affect / Kristin Naragon-Gainey

Inhibited temperament and intrinsic versus extrinsic influences on fear circuits / Jennifer Urbano Blackford and David H. Zald

Feelings, moods and temperaments / Jerome Kagan

Distinctions between temperament and emotion: examining reactivity, regulation, and social understanding / Lindsay C. Bowman and Nathan A. Fox

Afterword / Alexander J. Shackman, Regina C. Lapate, and Andrew S. Fox

Personality as lasting individual differences in emotions / Rebecca L. Shiner

The bases for preservation of emotional biases / Jerome Kagan

The psychological and neurobiological bases of dispositional negativity / Alexander J. Shackman, Melissa D. Stockbridge, Edward P. Lemay Jr., and Andrew S. Fox

Reactivity, recovery, regulation: the three R's of emotional responding / Richard J. Davidson

Afteword / Alexander J. Shackman and Andrew S. Fox

Studying the brain is necessary for understanding emotion / Tom Johnstone

Brain and emotion research: contributions of patient and activation studies / Robert W. Levenson

Understanding emotion by unraveling complex structure-function mappings / Luiz Pessoa

Brain studies can advance psychological understanding / Kent C. Berridge

Afterword / Alexander J. Shackman and Regina C. Lapate

Discrete and dimensional contributions to emotion arise from multiple brain circuits / Ralph Adolphs

Brain limbic systems as flexible generators of emotion / Kent C. Berridge

At primal levels, vast subcortical brain networks mediate instinctual emotional reactions that help program higher-order emotional-cognitive abilities in higher regions of the brain and mind / Jaak Panksepp

Brain architecture and principles of the organization of emotion in the brain / Luiz Pessoa

Variation and egeneracy in the brain basis of emotion / Lisa Feldman Barrett

How are emotions organized in the brain? / Tor D. Wagner, Anjali Krishnan, and Emma Hitchcock

The brain is organized to emote / Andrew S. Fox

Neural circuit mechanisms for switching emotional tracks: from positive to negative and back again / Kay M. Tye

Afterword / Alexander J. Shackman and Andrew S. Fox

The ambiguous issue of adaptive emotions / Jerome Kagan

Maladaptive emotions are inseperable from inaccurate appraisals / Phoebe C. Ellsworth

Emotions aren't maladaptive / Aaron S. Heller

Cultural neuroscience of emotion / Joah Y. Chiao

Positive emotions broaden and build: consideration for how and when pleasant subjective experiences are adaptive and maladaptive / Barbara L. Fredrickson

The social nature of emotions: context matters / Amy Lehrner and Rachel Yehuda

Afterword / Andrew S. Fox and Regina C. Lapate. Emotion as an evolutionary adaptive pattern: the roles of context and cognition / D. Caroline Blanchard and Brandon L. Pearson

Individual differences in fear conditioning and extintion paradigms: insights for emotion regulation / Marie-France Marin and Mohammed R. Milad

The role of context and cognition in the placebo effect / Lauren Y. Atlas

Emotional intensity: it's the thought that counts / Gerald L. Clore and David A. Reinhard

Emotion regulation as a change of goals and priorities / Carien M. van Reekum and Tom Johnstone

Searching for implicit emotion regulation / Matthew D. Lieberman

Fighting fire with fire: endogenous emotion generation as a means of emotion regulation / Haakon G. Engen and Tania Singer

Aftewrod / Alexander J. Shackman and Regina C. Lapate

The interplay of emotion and cognition / Hadas Okon-Singer, Daniel M. Stout, Melissa D. Stockbridge, Matthias Gamer, Andrew S. Fox, and Alexander J. Shackman

The impact of affect depends on its object / Gerald L. Clore

Thoughts on cognition-emotion interactions and their role in the diagnosis and treatment of psychopathology / Keren Maoz and Yair Bar-Haim

Beyond cognition and emotion: dispensing with a cherished psychological narrative / Alexandra Touroutoglou and Lisa Feldman Barrett

Can we advance our understanding of emotional behavior by reconceptualizing it as involving valuation? / Roshan Cools, Hanneke den Ouden, Verena Ly, and Quentin Huys

Beyond the threat bias: reciprocal links between emotion and cognition / Nick Berggren and Nazanin Derakshan

The cognitive-emotional brain / Luiz Pessoa

Emotional vs. rational systems, and decisions between them / Edmund T. Rolls

Afterword / Alexander J. Shackman and Regina C. Lapate

Connections between emotions and the social workd: numerous and complex / Nancy Eisenberg and Maciel M. Hernández

Effects of emotion on interpersonal behavior: a motivational perspective / Edward P. Lemay Jr.

Emotion in the social world / Carolyn Parkinson

The affective nature of social interactions / Dominic S. Ferari and Mauricio R. Delgado

On the significance of implicit emotional communication / Andrew S. Fox

Deconstructing social emotions: empathy and compassion and their relationship to prosocial behavior / Haakon G. Engen and Tania Singer

Aftewrod / Andrew S. Fox and Alexander J. Shackman

Form of facial expression communication originates in sensory function / Daniel H. Lee and Adam K. Anderson

Expression of emotion: new principles for future inquiry / Dacher Keltner, Daniel T. Cordaro, Jessica Tracy, and Disa Sauter

The (more or less accurate) communication of emotions serves social problem solving / Ursula Hess

Making sense of the senses in emotion communication / Wen Li, Lucas R. Novak, and Yuqi You

Movement and manipulation: the how and why of emotion communication / Lasana T. Harris

Concepts are key to the "communication" of emotion / Maria Gendron and Lisa Feldman Barrett

The web of emotion understanding in human infants / Betty M. Repacholi and Andrew N. Meltzoff

The dynamic-interactive model approach to the perception of facial emotion / Jonathan B. Freeman

Aftewrod / Regina C. Lapate and Andrew S. Fox

How and why emotions are embodied / Adrienne Wood, Jared Martin, and Paula Niedenthal

Emotion in body and brain: context-dependent action and reaction / Margaret M. Bradley and Peter J. Lang

The importance of the mind for understanding how emotions are embodied / Naomi I. Eisenberger

How are emotions physically embodied? / Rosalind W. Picard

\tPain as an embodied emotion / Tim V. Salomons

How are emotions organized and physically embodied? / Bruce S. McEwen

The complex tapestry of emotion: immune and microbial contributions / Melissa A. Rosenkranz

Afterword / Andrew S. Fox and Alexander J. Shackman

Emotions are more than their subjective feelings / Kent C. Berridge

Reactive emotional processing in the absence of conscious awareness / Joshua M. Carlson

What is the role fo unconscious emotions and of conscious awareness in emotion? / Beatrice de Gelder and Marco Tamietto

Self-regulating our emotional states when we are conscious of them and when we are not / Leanne Williams

Regulatory benefits of conscious awareness: insights from the emotion misattribution paradigm and a role for lateral prefrontal cortex / Regina C. Lapate

Afterword / Regina C. Lapate and Andrew S. Fox

How can affect influence choice? / Brian Knutson and Mirre Stallen / Brian Knutson and Mirre Stallen

Emotions through the lens of economic theory / Agnieszka Tymula and Paul Glimcher

Emotions as computational signals of goal error / Luke J. Chang and Eshin Jolly

Affect is the foundation of value / Catherine Hartley and Peter Sokol-Hessner

Emotion, value, and choice / Jolie Wormwood and Lisa Feldman Barrett

Emotions can bias decision-making processes by promoting specific behavioral tendencies / Jan B. Engelmann and Todd A. Hare

Emotions are important for advantageous decision-making: a neuropsychological perspective / Justin Reber and Daniel Tranel

From emotion to motion: making choices based on current states and biological needs / Elisabeth A. Murray

Afterword / Andrew S. Fox and Regina C. Lapate

The recognition of emotion during the first years of life / Julia Cataldo and Charles A. Nelson

Everything develops during emotional development / Hill H. Goldsmith

Stability and change in emotion-relevant personality traits in childhood and adolescence / Rebecca L. Shiner

Normative trajectories and sources of psychopathology risk in adolescence / Leah H. Somerville and Katie A. McLaughlin

What happens in emotional development?: adolescent emotionality / Eveline A. Crone and Jennifer H. Pfeifer

Goals change with age and benefit emotional experience / Candice Hogan, Tamara Sims, and Laura L. Carstensen

Ideal ends in emotional development / Carol D. Ryff

Afterword / Regina C. Lapate and Alexander J. Shackman

A research agenda for the twenty-first century / Andrew S. Fox, Regina C. Lapate, Richard J. Davidson, and Alexander J. Shackman.