Troubleshooting and repairing major appliances

Acknowledgments Introduction Part 1: Fundamentals Of Service: 1: Selecting, purchasing, and installing major home appliances and air conditioners: Electric and gas ranges, cooktops, and ovens: Freestanding ranges Slide-in ranges and drop-in ranges Built-in cooktops Built-in ovens Microwave ovens Checklist for cooking products Refrigerators and freezers: Compact and portable refrigerators Single-door refrigerators Two-door refrigerators Two-door refrigerators with bottom freezers Side-by-side refrigerators Freezers: Checklist for refrigerator and freezer products Dishwashers: Built-in dishwashers Convertible/portable dishwashers Undersink dishwashers Dishwasher-sink combination Checklist for dishwashers Laundry equipment: Automatic washers Top-loading automatic washers Front-loading automatic washers Compact automatic washers Automatic dryers Checklist for washers and dryers Air conditioners: Sizing room air conditioners How to purchase the best air conditioner or appliance value using the EnergyGuide label Major Appliance Consumer Action Panel (MACAP): Purchasing decisions Appliance warranties: Full vs limited warranties Warranty time limitations Appliance installation instructions: Appliance use and care manual Where to get help Product recalls and the Internet National Appliance Service Technicians Certification (NASTeC) Endnotes 2: Safety precautions: Safety procedures: Individual safety precautions Electrical safety precautions Gas safety precautions Chemical safety precautions Appliance and air conditioner safety Operating safety Installation safety precautions Grounding of appliances Checking appliance and air conditioner voltage What to do if you smell gas 3: Tools needed for installation and repair: Safety precautions: Individual safety precautions Safety precautions when handling tools Screwdrivers Nut drivers Wrenches Hammers Prying tools Pliers Cutting tools Power tools Specialty tools Test meters: Advantages of digital meters 4: Becoming a professional technician: What is customer satisfaction? Customer satisfaction is important for business Why is customer satisfaction important to the technician? What does the customer expect of the service technician? How can a service technician increase customer satisfaction skills? Communication skills: Verbal communication Nonverbal communication Paraverbal communication Customer empathy Listening to the customer Reflective listening skills (feedback) Paraphrasing Asking questions Preparing for a service call Prescreen the service call for parts Proper grooming for a service technician When you arrive at the service call Repairing the appliance or air conditioner Follow-up calls Things to avoid while on a service call How to turn customer dissatisfaction into customer satisfaction Angry customers: Don't lose your cool Encourage the customer to vent their emotions Find out the facts Understand your customer's feelings Suggest a way to fix the problem End on a positive note Never stop learning 5: Basic techniques: Product failure Diagnosis and correction procedure Technicians diagnostic guide

Part 2: Electricity, Electronics, And Gas: 6: Electricity: Electrical wiring What is a circuit? Circuit components Three kinds of circuits: Series circuit Parallel circuits Series-parallel circuits Types of shorts in a circuit Strip circuits Types of electric current: Theory of current flow Ohm's Law Ohms Amperes Volts Watts Ohm's Law equation wheel Wiring diagram symbols Terminal codes Timer sequence (Esterline) charts Wiring diagrams Sample wiring diagrams How to read the volt-ohm milliammeter test instrument Measuring voltage: Making the measurement Selecting the scales Reading the AC voltage scale Measuring line voltage Testing for ground and polarity Measuring 240-volt receptacles: Testing a three-wire receptacle for 240 volts Testing a four-wire receptacle for 240 volts Measuring resistance (OHMS) Setting up the meter Electrical safety precautions Operating appliances and room air conditioners on a generator Flowcharts 7: Electronics: Simplified circuits Electronic controls: Low-voltage board High-voltage relay board Touchpad (customer interface) Three-board electronic control system Troubleshooting circuits Two-board electronic control system Motor board electronic control system Resistors: Resistance color bands Thermistor Diodes: Testing a diode Bridge rectifier Triac: Testing a triac Transistor Integrated circuits and circuit boards LED multiple segment displays Electrostatic discharge 8: Gas: Gas safety Types of gas: Natural gas Liquefied petroleum gas Combustion Carbon monoxide: Testing for carbon monoxide Flue gases Flame: Air supply Flame appearance Flame lifting Flashback Yellow flame tips Appliance burner components: Gas orifice Air shutter Venturi throat Mixing tube Burner head Burner ports Burner operation Ventilation: Troubleshooting ventilation problems Measuring gas pressure Testing for gas leaks: Combustible gas detector Gas conversion procedures: Gas pressure regulator Converting surface burners Converting the oven bake burner Converting the oven broil burner Converting the bake/broil thermostat Gas appliance maintenance

Part 3: Refrigeration And Air Conditioning: 9: Principles of air conditioning and refrigeration: Introduction to air conditioning and refrigeration Saving the ozone layer Matter: Change of state Law of thermodynamics It's all about heat: Methods of heat transfer Refrigerants Room air conditioner vs refrigerator/freezer Basic refrigeration cycle Refrigeration components: Compressor Compressor safety Trained personnel only Terminal venting and electrocution Compressor motor starting relays Current type relay PTC type relay Compressor thermal protectors (overloads) Condenser coil Evaporator coil Metering device Other components used in the sealed refrigeration system Diagnosing sealed systems Part 4: Parts: 10: Electric appliance and air conditioner parts: Switch: Pressure switch Thermostat Electromechanical timer Motor Cam switches Escapement Relays Solenoids Water valves Motors Compressors Capacitors: Testing a capacitor Heating elements Mechanical linkages Wires How to strip, splice, solder, and install solderless and terminal connectors, and how to use wire nuts on wires Circuit protection devices 11: Electronic parts: Electronic components in general How electronic appliances and air conditioners operate Electrostatic discharge Testing printed circuit boards: Touch panel membrane Transformer Circuit board Integrated circuit chip Resistors Sensors Temperature detectors: Thermistor Thermocouple Resistance temperature detector Thermopile Transducer Diode: LED Bridge rectifier Triac Transistor Inverter board Piezoelectric ignitor 12: Gas appliance parts: Controls: Pressure regulator controls Water heater thermostat/regulator combination control Safety valve Dryer gas valve Sensing devices: Resistance temperature detector Thermocouple Flame sensors Ignition: Glow-bar ignitor Spark electrode ignitor Spark module

Part 5: Error/Fault Or Function Codes: 13: Error/fault or function codes: Error/fault or function codes: Admiral oven and range error/fault or function codes ASKO dishwasher error/fault or function codes ASKO washer error/fault or function codes ASKO dryer error/fault or function codes Dacor oven and range error/fault or function codes Estate oven and range error/fault or function codes Friedrich room air conditioner error/fault or function codes Frigidaire/Electrolux dishwasher error/fault or function codes Frigidaire/Electrolux washer error/fault or function codes Frigidaire/Electrolux dryer error/fault or function codes Frigidaire/Electrolux refrigerator error/fault or function codes General electric and Hotpoint room air conditioner error/fault or function codes General Electric and Hotpoint dishwasher error/fault or function codes General Electric and Hotpoint microwave error/fault or function codes General Electric and Hotpoint range error/fault or function codes JennAir oven and range error/fault or function codes LG dishwasher error/fault or function codes LG side X side refrigerator error/fault or function codes LG French door refrigerator error/fault or function codes LG washer error/fault or function codes LG frontload washer error/fault or function codes Maytag laundry center error/fault or function codes Maytag washer error/fault or function codes Maytag dryer error/fault or function codes Maytag/Jenn-Air oven error/fault or function codes KitchenAid / Roper/ Whirlpool gas and electric range error/fault or function codes Samsung freezer error/fault or function codes Samsung refrigerator error/fault or function codes Samsung refrigerator single evaporator error/fault or function codes Samsung RB series refrigerator error/fault or function codes Samsung washer error/fault or function codes Samsung dryer error/fault or function codes Samsung range error/fault or function codes Samsung dishwasher error/fault or function codes Sears appliances Thermador oven and range error/fault or function codes Whirlpool room air conditioner error/fault or function codes Whirlpool and KitchenAid microwave error/fault or function codes Whirlpool front-load washer error/fault or function codes Whirlpool front-load dryer error/fault or function codes Who makes what? Where to locate the model and serial numbers on the appliances

Part 6: Appliance Service, Installation, And Preventive Maintenance Procedures: 14: Automatic dishwashers: Principles of operation Safety first Dishwashers in general: Location and installation of a dishwasher Functions and cycles Water temperature Detergent Loading the dishwasher Types of dishwasher systems: Water fill cycle Water circulation systems Motor/pump assemblies Dishwasher filtering systems Dispensing systems Drying systems Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Common washability problems: Poorly cleaned dishes Etching Discoloration Lime deposits on the dishwasher interior Suds or foam in dishwasher Darkened aluminum Discoloration of copper Cracking (crazing) of china Chipping of china and crystal Metal marks on dishes and glassware Staining of melamine dinnerware Melting or warping of plastic items Discoloration of silverplate Tarnishing of silverware (sterling or silverplate) Bluish discoloration of stainless steel Corrosion or rusting of stainless steel Dishwasher maintenance Repair procedure: Water inlet valve Motor and pump assembly Dishwasher timer Dishwasher door is hard to close Dishwasher heating element Cycle selector switch Dishwasher door switch Float and float switch Wetting agent and detergent dispensers Water heater operating thermostat or thermistor High-limit heater thermostat Dishwasher motor start relay Electronic control board, display board, and touch pad panel Turbidity sensor Diagnostic charts 15: Garbage disposers: Types: Continuous feed disposers Batch feed disposers Principles of operation Safety first Garbage disposers in general: To free jams from foreign objects Installation of garbage disposer Garbage disposer maintenance: Drain blockage Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Repair procedure: Garbage disposer assembly Diagnostic charts 16: Electric water heaters: Principles of operation Safety first Electric water heaters in general Electric water heater maintenance Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Repair procedures: Upper thermostat Lower thermostat Heating element Diagnostic charts Help on the Internet 17: Gas water heaters: Principles of operation Safety first Gas water heaters in general Gas water heater maintenance Thermal expansion Water hammer Negative air pressure Draft test Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Repair procedures: Burner/manifold assembly Combination control valve Thermocouple Ignitor Water heater leakage inspection points Diagnostic charts Formulas and facts: Electric water heaters Gas water heaters Formula for mixing hot water Electric working formulas that apply to water heaters Help on the Internet

18: Top load automatic washers: Principles of operation: Functions and cycles Safety first Automatic washers in general: Location and installation of the top load automatic washer Common installation problems Water supply Drain requirements Detergent Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Common washability problems: Stains on the clothing Yellowing in fabric Fabric softener stains Lint Automatic washer maintenance: Cleaning the interior of the top load automatic washer Repair procedures: Washer timer Electronic control board and user interface controls Water temperature selector switch Water valve Washer motor (older models) Washer motor (direct-drive models) Front serviceable washer Capacitor Drive belt Water level control Lid switch Water pump Inner basket Hoses Clutch Transmission Direct-drive washer transmission and brake/drive assembly Diagnostic charts 19: Front load automatic washers: Principles of operation: Functions and cycles Safety first Automatic front load washers in general: Location and installation of automatic front load washers Common installation problems Water supply Drain requirements Electrical requirements HE(high-efficiency) detergent Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Common washability problems: Stains on the clothing Yellowing in fabric Fabric softener stains Lint Automatic washer maintenance: Cleaning the door seal gasket (boot) Cleaning the dispenser drawer Maintain washer freshness Winterize washer Repair procedures: Washer timer Electronic control board and user interface controls Door lock Line filter Dispenser assembly Water level control Water valve Drive belt Drain pump motor Heater assembly Inverter (motor speed control board) Drive motor Wiring schematic diagrams 20: Automatic electric dryers: Principles of operation: Functions and cycles Safety first Automatic electric dryers in general: Electrical requirements Electrical tests for electric dryers Location and installation of dryer Proper exhausting of the dryer Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Common drying problems: Lint Shrinkage Stains Static electricity Wrinkling Electric dryer maintenance Repair procedures: Dryer timer Electronic control board and user interface controls Dryer motor Drive belt Heater element Door switch Thermostat Thermistor Start switch Drum roller Idler pulley Temperature selector switch Belt switch Diagnostic charts

21: Automatic gas dryers: Safety first Automatic gas dryers in general: Gas supply requirements Gas tests for gas dryers Principles of operation: Functions and cycles Electrical requirements and tests for gas dryers Gas dryer maintenance: Vent system Proper exhausting of the dryer Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Repair procedures: Electronic control board and user interface controls Dryer motor Drive belt Door switch Thermostat Thermistor Start switch Temperature selector switch Belt switch Burner assembly Diagnostic charts 22: Electric ranges, cooktops, and ovens: Principles of operation Safety first Electric ranges, ovens, and cooktops in general: Location and installation of electric range, oven, or cooktop Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Range, oven, and cooktop maintenance Repair procedures Surface element (burner) control systems: Standard infinite (burner) switch Dual infinite (burner) switch Electronic element (burner) control system Surface calrod (burner) element Solid-disc elements Radiant heating element Bake element Broil element Oven selector switch Oven thermostat Oven temperature sensor Oven cycling relay Range/oven time clock Electronic control board and user interface controls Diagnostic charts and wiring diagrams 23: Gas ranges and ovens: Principles of operation Safety first Gas ranges, ovens, and cooktops in general: Location and installation of gas range, oven, and cooktop Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Gas appliance maintenance Repair procedures: Gas burner valve Ignitor switch Surface burner ignitor Spark module Glow-bar ignitor Pressure regulator valve Safety valve Electronic control board and user interface controls Oven temperature sensor Thermostat (standing pilot) Range/oven time clock Flame adjustments Diagnostic charts and wiring diagrams 24: Microwave ovens: Safety first Principles of operation: Microwave high-voltage circuit Location and installation of microwave ovens Microwave ovens in general Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Microwave oven maintenance: Recipe for microwave oven odor removal Microwave leakage testing Microwave oven magnetron power output test Repair procedures: Electronic control board, touchpad panel, or display board Magnetron High-voltage transformer Inverter board High-voltage diode High-voltage capacitor Microwave oven thermostats Microwave oven door switches Temperature probe Humidity sensor Stirrer motor Turntable motor Cooling fan motor Exhaust fan motor Diagnostic chart and wiring diagrams 25: Refrigerators: Refrigeration cycle Refrigerator automatic defrost systems: Storage requirements for perishable products Safety first Refrigerators in general: Location and installation of refrigerator What's that "different" sound in your kitchen? Are refrigerators/freezers snowbirds? Freezer in single-door refrigerator had limited function Refrigerator maintenance: Food odors and molds Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Troubleshooting sealed-system problems Repair procedures: Electronic control board and touchpad Door gasket Thermostat (cold control) Defrost timer Adaptive defrost control Evaporator fan motor Condenser fan motor Defrost heater Defrost thermostat Compressor, relay, and overload protector Diagnostic charts Refrigerator electrical schematics: Example #1 Example #2 Example #3 Example #4 Example #5 Endnotes

26: Freezers: Upright freezers Chest freezers Freezer storage and temperatures Safety first Freezers in general Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Troubleshooting sealed-system problems Repair procedures: Thermostat (cold control) Power indicator light Gasket Defrost timer (automatic defrost models) Defrost heater (automatic defrost models) Defrost thermostat (automatic defrost models) Evaporator fan motor (automatic defrost models) Compressor, relay, and overload protector Diagnostic charts Freezer electrical schematics Endnotes 27: Automatic ice makers: Safety first Automatic ice makers in general Principles of operation for Type -1 and Type-2 automatic ice makers Type-1 Ice maker Type-2 Ice maker Ice production rate Testing the Type-1 Ice maker Testing the Type-1 Electronic ice maker Testing the Type-2 Ice maker Water/temperature problems Step-by-step troubleshooting Type-1 Ice makers by symptom diagnosis Step-by-step troubleshooting Type-2 Ice makers by symptom diagnosis Diagnostic chart Repair procedures: Type-1 Ice maker: Module Type-1 Ice maker: Thermostat Type-1 Ice maker: Mold and heater assembly Water valve Water fill valve adjustment Type-2 Ice maker: Head and tray Type -2 Ice maker tray Type-1 Ice maker cycle chart and wiring schematic Endnotes 28: Residential under-the-counter ice cube makers: Safety first Automatic ice cube makers in general Type-1-Self-contained ice cube maker: Principles of operation Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis: Treating the water Cleaning instructions for the Type-1-ice cube maker Prevention of water-utilizing system explosions: Systems at risk of explosion How an explosion occurs Service procedures Step 1: Check for a ground fault (a short to ground) Step 2: Check for water in the system Replacing a single-wall water-utilizing system Repair procedures: Type-1 ice cube maker compressor, relay, and overload protector Bin thermostat Evaporator thermostat Hot gas solenoid valve Water valve Condenser fan motor Water pump Cutter grid Cutter grid transformer and fuse Cycle switch Self-contained ice cube maker performance data Troubleshooting water and its effect on ice making Type-1 Self-contained ice cube maker wiring diagrams Type-2 Self-contained ice cube maker: Principles of operation Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis Repair procedures: Adjusting the ice cube thickness Type-2 Ice cube maker compressor, relay, and overload protector Water valve Water pump Thermistor Electronic control board Condenser fan motor Type-2 Ice cube maker performance data

29: Room air conditioners:

Principles of operation

Safety first

Room air conditioner in general:

Electrical requirements

Location and installation of room air conditioner

Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis

Room air conditioner maintenance:

Performance data

Repair procedures:

Electronic components

Thermistor

Thermostat (operating)

Thermostat (defrost)

Capacitor

Fan motor

Compressor and overload protector

Electric heater element

Reversing valve solenoid coil

Selector switch

Troubleshooting sealed-system problems

Reversing valve (heat pump models)

Diagnostic charts

Cooling capacity

Drain pan valve

Endnotes

30: Dehumidifiers:

Sizing a dehumidifier

Principals of operation

Safety first

Dehumidifiers in general

Location and installation of a dehumidifier

Dehumidifier maintenance

Step-by-step troubleshooting by symptom diagnosis

Repair procedures:

Electronic components

Capacitor

Fan motor

Compressor and overload protector

Bucket switch

Defrost thermostat

Wiring diagrams and schematics

Endnote

Glossary

Index.