Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction; 2. Entrepreneurial motivation: maximizing life-cycle utility; 3. Innovative advantage: entrepreneurial initiative and incumbent inertia; 4. Competitive pressures and entrepreneurial incentives to innovate; 5. Creative destruction: transaction costs and intellectual property rights; 6. Creative destruction: making new combinations; 7. Creative destruction: tacit knowledge; 8. Creative destruction: asymmetric information; 9. The wealth of nations: international trade and investment; 10. Conclusion.