Medieval science and technology

Overview and history: the classical tradition and the Middle Ages

Institutional history: the High and Late Middle Ages

Aristotle, Plato, and the medieval scientific worldwiew

The exact sciences

The biological and earth sciences

Medieval technology

The impact of medieval science and technology

Adelard of Bath

Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great)

Alhazen (Ibn-al-Haythan)

Aristotle

Avicenna (Ibn Sina)

Roger Bacon

Thomas Bradwardine

Filippo Brunelleschi

John Buridan

Giovanni Dondi

Leonardo Fibonacci (Leonardo of Pisa)

Galen of Pergamum

Gerard of Cremona

Robert Grosseteste

Hildegard of Bingen

Isidore of Seville

Nicole Oresme

Peter Peregrinus (Peter of Maricourt)

Plato

Claudius Ptolemy

Trotula

Aristotle On final causes in nature; from the Physics

Galen (129-199 or 200) On female physiology and inferiority

Trotula On the diseases of women (eleventh century)

Adelard of Bath (c. 1080-1142) On the important scientific questions in the twelfth century; from his Questions on natural science

Albertus Magnus (c. 1193-1280) On animals: the rabbits and spiders

Guy de Chauliac (c. 1290-c. 1367-70), medieval surgeon, On what makes a good doctor

A medieval herbal (thirteenth century)

Nicole Oresme (c. 1325-82) and Arguments for the diurnal rotation of the Earth

Hugh of St. Victor On the mechanical arts

Roger Bacon (c. 1219-92) on experimental science; from the Opus maius

A Cistercian monk praises the mechanized water system of Clairvaux Abbey

Medieval alchemy.