The musical sounds of medieval French cities: players, patrons, and politics

Playing before the council: civic patronage in southern France

In honor of nobility: civic patronage in central France

For the honor and pleasure of the city: civic patronage in northern France

From confraternal processions to weddings to bathhouses: freelancing in the urban environment

Playing en couble: professional relationships among minstrels

"A minister of Satan" and "an honor to the city": conflicting images of the medieval minstrel.