Contemporary Spain

Machine generated contents note: 0.1.The nineteenth century and its lengthy aftermath 0.2.The transition to democracy 0.3.Glossary 0.4.Explore more 1.1.The monarchy 1.2.Parliament 1.2.1.Election, structure and composition 1.2.2.Organization and procedure 1.2.3.Legislation 1.2.4.Parliamentary control 1.3.Central government 1.3.1.Pre-eminence of government 1.3.2.The Prime Minister 1.3.3.Cabinet and ministries 1.3.4.The Spanish civil service 1.4.Regional government 1.4.1.The regions and their institutions 1.4.2.Regional powers 1.4.3.Funding 1.4.4.Towards federalism? 1.5.Local government 1.5.1.Municipalities 1.5.2.Provinces 1.6.Glossary 1.7.Explore more 2.1.Spanish parties: general features 2.2.The party system 2.3.The Socialist Party 2.3.1.Structure 2.3.2.Leaders 2.3.3.Policies 2.3.4.Strategy and support base 2.4.The People's Party 2.4.1.Gestation 2.4.2.Structure and leaders

Note continued: 2.4.3.Policies 2.4.4.Strategy and support base 2.5.New kids on the block 2.5.1.Citizens 2.5.2.Podemos 2.6.Glossary 2.7.Explore more 3.1.Catalonia 3.1.1.Convergence and Union 3.1.2.The Catalan Socialist Party 3.1.3.Catalan Republican Left 3.1.4.Green Initiative for Catalonia 3.2.The Basque Country 3.2.1.The Basque Nationalist Party 3.2.2.The nationalist left 3.2.3.The Basque Socialist Party-Basque Left 3.3.Other regions 3.4.Glossary 3.5.Explore more 4.1.Spain and the European Union 4.1.1.Spain and the integration process 4.1.1.1.From pariah to partner 4.1.1.2.In the vanguard 4.1.1.3.A maturing relationship with Europe 4.1.2.Spain in the EU machinery 4.1.2.1.Spain's assured representation 4.1.2.2.Spaniards in appointed posts 4.1.2.3.Communication with the EU 4.2.Spain beyond Europe 4.2.1.Latin America 4.2.2.The United States 4.2.3.Africa 4.3.Glossary

Note continued: 4.4.Explore more 5.1.The boom-and-bust cycle 5.1.1.Apertura, ajuste and boom 5.1.2.Recession and recovery 5.1.3.Crisis and austerity 5.2.Major economic issues 5.2.1.Balance of payments 5.2.2.Monetary aspects 5.2.3.Public finances 5.2.4.Unemployment and labour law reform 5.3.Structure of the Spanish economy 5.3.1.Sectoral and geographical structure 5.3.1.1.Primary sector 5.3.1.2.Industry 5.3.1.3.Financial sector 5.3.1.4.Services 5.3.2.Regional differences 5.4.Spanish companies 5.4.1.Public sector 5.4.2.Private sector 5.5.Economic lobby groups 5.5.1.Trade unions 5.5.1.1.Organization and status 5.5.1.2.In search of a strategy 5.5.2.Employers' organizations 5.6.Glossary 5.7.Explore more 6.1.Emigration and immigration 6.1.1.From emigration to immigration, and back 6.1.2.Economic and social implications of immigration 6.2.Civil discontent: the 'outraged'

Note continued: 6.3.The situation of women 6.4.Other social challenges 6.4.1.The situation of the LGBT community 6.4.2.Providing for old age 6.4.3.Disabled people 6.5.Glossary 6.6.Explore more 7.1.Social security 7.1.1.Francoism's legacy 7.1.2.Reform and its limits 7.2.Healthcare 7.2.1.The Spanish NHS 7.2.2.Resource problems 7.2.3.Primary care 7.3.Education 7.3.1.Reforming the educational system 7.3.2.The organization of Spanish education 7.3.2.1.Higher education 7.3.2.2.School education 7.3.2.3.Vocational training 7.3.2.4.Further, continuing and special education 7.4.Glossary 7.5.Explore more 8.1.Pollution 8.1.1.Air pollution 8.1.2.Water pollution and dumping of wastes 8.2.Landscape change 8.2.1.Deforestation and reforestation 8.2.2.Desertification 8.2.3.Ecological and economic impact 8.3.Protection of the environment 8.3.1.Environmental authorities

Note continued: 8.3.2.Shifting priorities 8.4.Glossary 8.5.Explore more 9.1.The legal system 9.1.1.The General Council of the Judiciary 9.1.2.Public interest 9.1.3.Courts 9.1.4.A system in crisis 9.2.The military 9.2.1.Transition and the army 9.2.2.Modernization and reform 9.3.The forces of public order 9.3.1.Civil Guard 9.3.2.Police 9.4.The prison service 9.5.Crime and civil liberties 9.5.1.Changing nature of crime 9.5.2.Civil liberties 9.5.3.The 1995 Criminal Code and its revisions 9.5.4.The 11-M and its aftermath 9.6.Glossary 9.7.Explore more 10.1.The media 10.1.1.The media and the state 10.1.2.The press 10.1.3.Radio 10.1.4.Television 10.1.5.Digital media 10.2.Film 10.2.1.Contemporary Spanish cinema 10.2.2.Spanish film genres 10.2.2.1.Historical 10.2.2.2.Comedy 10.2.2.3.Horror, thriller and suspense 10.2.3.Major Spanish directors 10.2.3.1.Luis Builuel

Note continued: 10.2.3.2.Carlos Saura

10.2.3.3.Pedro Almodóvar

10.2.3.4.Other key directors

10.3.Glossary

10.4.Explore more

Contemporary Spain in context

The Spanish state

Political parties

Regionalization and regionalism

The European tier of government

The Spanish economy

Social challenges

Social welfare, health and education

The environment

Justice, defence, and public order

The media

The regions.